David Einhorn: Short Iron Ore (Great Investors Best Ideas Conference)

We're posting up notes from the Great Investors' Best Ideas Investment Symposium in Dallas and next up is David Einhorn of Greenlight Capital.  Einhorn made a presentation entitled 'If you give a miner a dollar..." and said to short dirt.  And by dirt, what he means is to short iron ore.

While Einhorn said that everyone "should have gold miners in their portfolio," it became clear he was less sanguine about other types of miners.


Iron Ore Supply/Demand

Einhorn started his presentation with the supply/demand dynamics of iron ore, noting that the infrastructure to get ore out of the ground is not cheap.  He pointed out that it's cheaper for China to import ore from Australia than to dig it out of their own ground.  Einhorn put up a chart showing iron ore prices from 1981-2011, peaking in the most recent year.

He went on to say that, if you give miners dollars, they dig holes.  Higher prices attracted new supply and new players.  It takes years to bring new supply online and he points out that there's a massive amount of supply about to hit the market.

He points out the Chinese investment binge as the driver of demand and notes that "something that's unsustainable persists... until it doesn't."

Einhorn then shifted to steel and noted that 2010 was the last year where steel saw double-digit demand growth.  Supply now exceeds demand and they're in the midst of expansion.  Big projects from 2010/2011 are coming online and the cost of stopping development is too high.
 
Einhorn argues that you can't contain the near-term situation since it's so expensive to halt projects.  He feels that ore prices will head below 100/ton and could get as low as 80/ton.  He even said that by 2014 it could go as low as the 60's.  He opined that the iron ore situation could soon reflect the same situations that took place in polysilicon and LEDs.


Losers Singled Out By Einhorn

While Einhorn did not explicitly come out and say he was short any of these names, he put up a list of companies that will lose in this scenario:

Iron Ore Miners (huge projects that will come online into declining markets): Vale (VALE), BHP Billiton (BHP), Rio Tinto (RIO), Fortescue (FMG), Cliffs (CLF)

Equipment Makers (already have seen growth into infrastructure build): Caterpillar (CAT), Joy Global (JOY)

Integrated Steel Companies: US Steel (X), Arcelor Mittal (MT).


Einhorn pointed out that X and MT have had an advantage because they own their ore supplies while their competition purchases ore in the markets.  However, he says this competitive advantage erodes as the price of ore falls.  The price of steel is also falling.  These integrated steel companies are also facing competition from irrational Chinese steel mills that are willing to operate at a loss.

Last week we also highlighted that Tiger Management's Julian Robertson said to avoid steel stocks as well.

Einhorn argues that the equities of the above companies reflect resumption of Chinese demand but that seems dubious.  He feels like companies are investing a lot at the top.  For more from this hedgie, also check out Einhorn's presentation on 3 ideas from the Value Investing Congress.


For the rest of the GIBI presentations, head to notes from the Great Investors' Best Ideas conference.

Alex Roepers' 5 Investment Ideas: Value Investing Congress

Continuing coverage, we're posting up notes from the Value Investing Congress.  Below are notes and the presentation of Alex Roepers of Atlantic Investment Management.  His presentation was entitled 'Corporate Action, Activism & Takeovers: Gaining Momentum.'

Atlantic: $1.8B in AUM, concentrated in 5-7 core positions in US.  Investment grade, mid-sized.  Uses significant minority positions, 2-7% to for shareholder activism.  Strict buy/sell discipline, buy 7x EBIT, sell around 11x.  1-2 year holding period is typical.  Largest fund 5-7 stocks, that’s it!  Averaged 18.5% annually over 20 years vs. 8.5% for the SPX.  

On Investor Activism

Last year he said environment was good for corporate action, activism and takeovers (JANA's Barry Rosenstein agrees).  Today we have:

1. Attractive valuations, because people are VERY gun-shy due to market crashes.
2.  Strong balance sheets now, much better post-2008
3.  Private Equity under pressure to put capital to work
4.  Super low interest rates, easy to make acquisitions
5.  Moderate organic growth due to economy; "Need to buy growth"
6.  Some hostile in M&A, nowhere near record levels of past  

Earnings yield of SPX is 6.8% vs. 1.8% 10 year treasury.  Expect the decade long outperformance of bonds to reverse; stocks will outperform next ten years.  He also showed the same chart of fund flows of investors pulling money from stocks into bonds.  "You will have phenomenal returns in equities if you pick your stocks right."  

PE firms have $400B in dry powder for buyouts. VIX is greatly reduced, which helps create environment more buyouts. Japanese and Chinese are stepping up cross-border M&A.

Atlantic's Approach:

1. Sufficient size and liquidity. >$1B to move the needle, but <$10B or it's too big to get a deal done 2.  Strong strategic franchises with high barriers to entry
3.  Attractive valuations: <8x ebit="ebit" forward="forward" nbsp="nbsp" p="p">4.  Strong balance sheets: EBITDA> 4x interest expense
5.  Predictable and recurring cash flows, high MRO content
6.  Low insider ownership <10 blocking="blocking" by="by" family="family" held="held" management="management" nbsp="nbsp" or="or" p="p" shareholders="shareholders">7. Noticeable activity in a sector; e.g. chemicals, mining equipment
8.  Liquidity.  Take 2-7% ownership stakes, no board seats, so proxy battles
9.  Write detailed shareholder engagement letters and have active discussions with management  

Recap of last year's investment ideas: ENR up 5%, ASH up 59%, FLS up 63% (sold it), MTX GY up 22% (sold it), and ATO FP up 53%.


Roepers' 5 Investment Ideas

Energizer (ENR).  $75.43, $4.9B market cap.  47% of business is batteries; the other 53% is personal care products: Schick shaving, Hawaiian tropic skin care.  Margins should be higher; eps should be $7.50 up from $6.00.  Target price is about $100 in 6-12 months.  

Rockwood Holdings (ROC).  $49.  $3.9B market cap. Specialty chemical company.  Lithium, Advanced Ceramics, TiO2, Surface treatment, Performance additives.  Stock trades on the TiO2 business, but they should IPO or spin this segment.  Real bull case here is Lithium, 8% organic growth without the electric car.  #2 lithium producer in the world.  Sum of the Parts (SOTP) to get valuation.  Catalysts are IPO of TiO2 business. Target price $70/share in 12-18 months based on 10x 2013e EBIT.   

Clariant (CLN VX).  Swiss conglomerate.  Disposal group, pigments, oil and mining services.  Being restructured, de-levering now.  46% capital appreciation potential in a year.  

FLSmidth (FLS DC), Danish mining supply company.  Concerns about China slowing.  Cement, Customer service for mining, and non-ferrous metals.  They help mining companies set up operations.  33% upside at DKK 467/share in 12-18 months.   

Joy Global (JOY).  $59.41.  Coal mining equipment.  Coal is out of favor.  Half surface mining, half underground.  Actually though, a lot of coal buying out of the most green countries, Japan and Germany.  Growth industry, but not in the US as much.  But he says all the switching from coal to gas that could happen, has already.  Stock has dropped in half this year on China slowdown and emergence of natural gas in the US.  Says 2013 is the trough year, but it will grow over time.  Their only competition was bought for 13x by CAT.  Very likely takeover candidate. Price target is $105 in 12-18 months based on 11x FY13E EBIT, 77% upside.


Q&A Session: 

1.  Why did ENR not do well?  Part of it was FX, the Euro. Also they've been slow and shareholders have become disenchanted with management.

2. Still own Owens Illinois?  They own 6.5% of the company, number one glass bottle maker in the world.  40% of business from Europe, demand a bit slow and FX issues, but trades at only 6x next year P/E and they are paying down debt.  Trades at only $18 now.

3.  Will JOY survive the "war on coal?"  It still generates 35-40% of the electricity in the US.  Gas prices coming up. US segment is only 22% for JOY.  He says when being activist "I'll fade out of the stock when you achieve X, Y and Z" which makes people listen to them.

Embedded below is Roepers' slideshow presentation from the Value Investing Congress: 





Check out the rest of the hedge fund presentations from the Value Investing Congress.