Ruffer's Q3 Letter: Still Anticipating Eventual Inflation

Jonathan Ruffer is out with his Ruffer Investment Company Q3 letter with his latest market commentary.  Ruffer leads off with some prudent advice:

"Today's investment world is full of distortions, and the effect on investors is that they rationalise these fantasies, so that what is false is represented in their minds as true.  Prudent investors will want to reverse this process!"

The main distortion he is writing about currently is that quantitative easing has been effective at buying time and getting investors to pile into risk assets, but there hasn't been a return to long-term economic growth.

Ruffer believes that various entities around the world like the Federal Reserve are determined to stave off deflation.  As such, Ruffer believes that sooner or later they'll overdo it when it comes to money creation and we'll see inflation.  And this is how they continue to invest.

Embedded below is Ruffer's investment commentary for Q3:




For more from this investment firm, head to Ruffer on the 3 arrows of deflation.

With QE3, Some Interesting Facts About Gold

Given that Federal Reserve Chairman Ben "Helicopter Make it Rain Dollar Bills" Bernanke just announced QE3 (quantitative easing) that sent the price of gold higher yesterday, we were sent an interesting infographic with some facts on everyone's favorite precious metal.

For years now, we've highlighted how many prominent hedge fund managers have owned gold in some capacity (either physically, or via proxies like exchange traded funds GLD or IAU).

John Paulson started a gold fund as a bet against the US dollar.  Others bought gold as an uncertainty hedge.  Greenlight Capital's David Einhorn continues to own gold as a top holding.  And Third Point's Dan Loeb continues to own gold as his 2nd largest position.

Here's some notable recent facts about gold:

- Current market value of all gold is $8 trillion

- All available gold is equal to approximately half of the public debt of the USA

- US gold reserves amount to 77% of the national foreign exchange reserves

- China's gold reserves account for only 1.8% of its total reserves

- Annual gold consumption for investment: 1,640 tonnes (about 50 million gold coins)


And here's the infographic:

Source: Trustable Gold

Bill Gross on the Death of Equities: PIMCO Investment Outlook

PIMCO's Bill Gross is out with his latest market commentary entitled "Cult Figures" where he essentially claims stocks are dead:  "The cult of equity is dying."

Before reading his latest missive, it's worth noting his inherent conflict of interest: he's at one of the largest fixed income managers out there (of course he would love it if equities were dead and billions in AUM flowed to fixed income managers).

While some may argue his call as a contrarian signal to buy equities, you have to consider that such a call would be a clearer signal if an *equity* investor was staking such a claim.  Capitulation, a shangri-la for contrarians, can't truly come to fruition until the most ardent defenders throw in the towel.

However, one other conclusion from his note is evident regarding inflation.  He writes, "Unfair though it may be, an investor should continue to expect an attempted inflationary solution in almost all developed countries over the next few years and even decades." 

Obviously, he argues investors need to prepare for such an environment and we've posted up the best investments for inflation before (as well as the best investments for deflation for those in the other camp).

At any rate, you can read Bill Gross' latest market commentary embedded below (and download a .pdf here):





For more commentary from the PIMCO man, check out his piece on how to generate returns in a low yield environment.

Balestra Capital on Gold and Inflation: Quarterly Commentary

James Melcher's hedge fund Balestra Capital focuses on thematic global macro investing and has seen a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 24.3%. They're out with their quarterly newsletter where they discuss gold, inflation, and the evolution of money.


On Gold

On the precious metal, Balestra writes that,

"While gold does not pay interest or a dividend, unlike fiat currencies, it cannot be created in infinite amounts ... Gold deposits have become harder to find and far more expensive to mine and process. Central banks have recently been building their gold reserves, instead of selling them. Gold is not substantially held across the worldwide spectrum of investors. Nevertheless, if for no other reason than that the global store of gold is limited while paper money is rapidly proliferating, gold's role as a store of value is expanding, and its investment profit potential is rising."

Gold has been a popular investment among numerous hedge funds, though John Paulson's gold fund probably got the most media attention, as betting against the US dollar was his 'next big wager' after his successful subprime short.

However, what's interesting is the rising number of long/short equity portfolio managers that have allocated a percentage of their portfolios to either physical gold, the SPDR gold trust (GLD), or various gold miners.

David Einhorn's Greenlight Capital owns both gold and gold miners. Dan Loeb's hedge fund Third Point continues to hold gold as its second largest position. Stephen Mandel's Lone Pine Capital just started a position in gold last quarter ...and the list goes on.

Balestra's macro focus has led them to own physical gold and gold derivatives since 2002 and it's been their single largest asset. The main difference between all these hedge funds that own gold is their rationale for doing so. Some are using it as a hedge against fear and uncertainty, while many others (like Balestra) are using it as a vehicle to bet on currency debasement and inflation.


Summary of Balestra's Viewpoints

The hedge fund has summarized their macro views as follows:

"
1. The developed world is overly indebted.
2. So far, there is little indication that heavily indebted countries will be able to grow their way out of debt.
3. Recent measures to cut government spending will create further headwinds to near-term economic growth.
4. Failure to provide added monetary stimulus will likely risk a fall into a debt deflation spiral (this risk is heightened by the Euro zone situation).
5. Central banks will continue to 'print money', as needed, to prevent debt deflation
"

All of these point to one main conclusion in Balestra's eyes: more monetary stimulus is on the way and gold prices are going higher.


Embedded below is Balestra Capital's commentary on gold & inflation courtesy of ValueWalk:




For more on the topics of gold & inflation, be sure to also check out:

- Gold versus gold miners

- Oaktree Capital's Howard Marks on gold

- Best investments during inflation


About Balestra Capital

James Melcher founded Balestra in 1979 and has had a long career in the hedge fund and asset management industry. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia University. Since January 1999, the hedge fund has returned 1625.62% and has seen a CAGR of 24.3%. Balestra returned 1.71% in 2011, -3.18% in 2010, 4.22% in 2009, 45.78% in 2008, and 199.82% in 2007.

Hedge Fund Manager Jonathan Ruffer Concerned About Inflation

UK hedge fund manager Jonathan Ruffer's third quarter letter highlights the UK economic and investment environment and outlines his concern regarding the potential for high inflation.

Ruffer LLP manages £12 billion and has seen annual returns of around 11.5%. Ruffer's well known for warning investors of the credit crisis as early as 2006. When markets tanked in 2008, Ruffer returned positive double digits. His next concern is inflation.

Ruffer writes, "Interest rates are welded to a near-zero rate. The central banks simply cannot put interest rates up, almost whatever happens to inflation. It is a gaping hole above the waterline, which could sink the ship if rates are raised to combat inflation. It leaves us all defenceless."

While the manager says inflation isn't violent yet, there are many catalysts that could make it so. He cautions that high inflation, low interest rate environments are horrible for savers. So how do you combat it?

Ruffer writes, "Inflation-linked government bonds (of surviving nations) are designed for exactly this economic climate. It is not a high inflation rate which makes them thrive – it is the differential between inflation and interest rates. They have the capacity to become enormously valuable – like Titanic lifeboats – in a world where the ordinary saver despairs of keeping his nest egg safe. We have a great deal of your assets in them because we are approaching what I’ve described before as an airless valley which we have to pass through."

It seems the hedge fund manager is advocating indexed linked Gilts in the UK - the equivalent of TIPS in the US. This is one of the recommendations for the best investments during inflation.

Embedded below is Ruffer's letter (email readers click the link to come read it):




We've also highlighted how hedge fund Kleinheinz Capital says inflation is the biggest threat to emerging markets.

Paul Touradji & Jeff Scott on Commodities: Delivering Alpha Conference

Continuing coverage from the Delivering Alpha conference today, we turn next to the commodities panel with Paul Touradji, founder of hedge fund Touradji Capital and Jeff Scott, CIO at Worts & Associates (both pictured left, image courtesy of CNBC).


Commodities Fueled by Emerging Markets

Paul Touradji was the 'commodities guru' at Julian Robertson's Tiger Management back in the day. Since then, he went on to found his own hedge fund, Touradji Capital. He kicked off the panel by saying that "the story of commodities going forward is in the emerging markets."

Jeff Scott added that, "in emerging markets, they're lowering interest rates because they're worried about growth. So weak growth now in emerging markets so in theory commodities prices should fall."

We've highlighted in the past how hedge fund Kleinheinz Capital thinks inflation is the biggest threat to emerging markets.


On Gold

It seems like a ton of hedge funds and investors in general own gold these days. Dan Loeb's Third Point has gold as its largest position. David Einhorn's Greenlight Capital has long owned physical gold. John Paulson even has a separate gold fund.

Jeff Scott pointed out the prevailing sentiment toward the precious metal. He presented the audience with a true story about a taxi cab driver in Alaska that was asking him about gold. He said this means that everyone is piling into gold and it makes him nervous. After all, when the mania around any particular investment trickles down to the random 'John Doe' on the street, many see that as one of the age-old contrarian indicators.

While Touradji is seemingly a long-term gold bull, he did agree by saying, "I'm heartened to hear Larry Fink's take on gold equities, $2,500 and a lot higher a year from now. But to put a price on it when it's in a phase like this, it's useless. I agree with (George) Soros that it will soon be in a bubble."

They polled the audience asking whether gold was going higher or lower: 34% thought it was going lower while 33% said higher.


Inflation Versus Deflation

Commodities are always affected whether there is an inflationary environment or a deflationary one. Jeff Scott said that, "at this point in time, you need to be thinking about deflationary and inflationary aspects in terms of angling your portfolio for the long-term." In the past we've posted up the best investments during inflation and the best investments during deflation.

Paul Touradji went on to add that "Ten year TIPS are at zero. The market's worried about recession. But there also aren't rational people, they're acting out of fear and a flight to safety."



For more coverage of the Delivering Alpha conference, head to our posts:

- Bill Ackman's new investment: long Hong Kong Dollar

- China: Bubble or Bonanza? Dan Arbess versus Jim Chanos

- Jim Chanos: long corruption, short property in China

Best Investments During Inflation

So, what is the best investment during inflation? The good news is that there are a multitude of securities and assets that can protect against inflationary pressure. The bad news is if such a scenario comes to fruition, your purchasing power is reduced. The main thing to keep an eye on is the money supply. Throughout the crisis, the monetary base has expanded, but has yet to materialize in the money supply. If/when this comes to fruition, you'll be prepared after learning how to invest for inflation below.

Interestingly enough, deflation has been the top concern amongst investors as of late and yesterday we detailed the best investments during deflation. But investors have quickly forgotten that inflation was the primary concern just a mere few months ago. This revisits a post we originally published in August 2008 examining investment scenarios for inflation versus deflation. Regardless of outcome, investors need to be prepared for either.

Why should you be worried about inflation? Well, how about because one of the greatest investors of this generation is concerned. Yup, Baupost Group's Seth Klarman is worried about inflation. Not to mention, Kyle Bass, the hedge fund manager who predicted the subprime crisis as well as sovereign defaults has voiced concern about inflation and significant currency devaluation around the globe. For every prominent investor worried about deflation, there is another concerned with the converse scenario.

Here are the best investments during inflation:

Avoid Cash/US Dollars: Inflation typically results in domestic currency devaluing. You can fight this by simply not holding it and allocating the capital into other assets and investments. Nowadays, cash is most certainly part of the asset allocation picture. During inflation, you want to have as little of it on hand if possible. Since it devalues during inflation, those of you wishing to press your bets against the US dollar can buy the PowerShares Bearish US dollar index fund (UDN).


Buy Gold & Precious Metals: If you'll think back toward the end of the crisis, gold was all the rage. As the Federal Reserve's printing presses worked overtime to churn out US dollars to resuscitate the economy, many became very worried about inflation. Their number one investment to protect against this? Gold. While precious metals in general are a solid bet, gold in particular is seen as a hedge against uncertainty and a store of value. For an in-depth thesis as to why you should buy gold during inflation, we turn you to out post on successful hedge fund manager John Paulson's gold fund. He launched this vehicle last year as a means of betting against the US dollar. Another option is the stocks of companies that mine the metal. One hedge fund recently opined that gold is good, but gold mining stocks are better.

We've detailed how countless other prominent investment managers favor yellow bricks. John Burbank's Passport Capital outlined the rationale for owning physical gold. David Einhorn's hedge fund Greenlight Capital also owns physical gold. Those of you who don't have access to physical bars can invest via the SPDR Gold Fund (GLD). Practically all of the hedge funds that are not investing in physical gold use this investment vehicle for their gold exposure. If gold doesn't tickle your fancy, legendary investor Jim Rogers sees opportunity in silver and palladium which can provide you with precious metals exposure. PALL is the ticker for playing palladium while SLV is a way to play silver.


Buy Crude Oil: Going long oil ties into the whole 'buy commodities' theme as protection. In a truly inflationary environment, oil is supply inelastic; any increase or decrease in price would not result in a corresponding increase or decrease in supply. In the past we've outlined how to invest in crude oil, as there are many investment vehicles out there, each with pros and cons. These funds include USO, DBO, & USL and are examined in-depth via the link above.


Short Fixed Income: Bonds should be avoided due to a weak domestic monetary system. In particular, avoid US Treasuries as they will underperform. As yields start to rise, bond prices will fall. A plethora of prominent investors have gone this route in order to gain inflationary protection. Seth Klarman has purchased out of the money puts on bonds. He's acquired tail risk insurance against a sharp rise in interest rates that protects him should rates skyrocket to 10%. Legendary hedge fund manager Julian Robertson had previously put on a curve steepener trade and then shifted to a constant maturity swap (CMS) trade. These are more advanced trades and typically are reserved for institutional investors. Retail investors can buy puts on or short the iShares 20+ Year Treasury (TLT).


Buy Emerging Markets: A weak domestic currency (US dollar) implies higher returns can be found abroad in other countries. A monetary system in trouble in the home land means your dollars should be invested abroad (especially consider commodity producing nations such as Australia and Brazil). You can invest in either emerging market currencies, equities abroad, or investment funds denominated in those foreign currencies. For broad emerging market equities exposure, one can purchase iShares Emerging Markets Index (EEM). For the Australian Dollar, consider FXA and for Brazilian exposure, consider EWZ.


Buy Technology: While this was also a suggestion for investing during deflationary times, it applies to inflation under the same rationale. Regardless of environment, technology is in demand and will continue to evolve.


Buy Treasury Inflation Protected Securities: These types of treasuries (known as TIPS for short) provide the safety of a government bond with the bonus of protection against inflation. You can buy these outright, or via the iShares Barclays TIPS fund (TIP).


While inflation was all the talk only a few months ago, it has since taken a back seat to deflationary chatter. Given the back and forth, it only makes sense to examine both scenarios. In the depths of the 2008 crisis we broadly examined investment scenarios for inflation versus deflation. At the time, it was unclear what type of environment we'd be entering. While still not entirely evident to this day, many have postulated that deflation in the near-term will then give way to inflation in the longer-term. A compromise of views, if you will. We've mapped out inflationary defenses above and for a look at the converse scenario, be sure to check out the best investments for deflation. Now you have a loose framework for either environment.

Ten Reasons To Buy Bonds

Earlier this morning we presented the first quarter investor letter from Broyhill Asset Management's Affinity hedge fund where we highlighted their contrarian bet on long-term treasuries. In a time when seemingly everyone is betting on inflation, Broyhill has taken a converse stance and thinks caution is warranted. They anticipate an acceleration away from risk assets and into fixed income. They recently posted up the rationale behind this position on their blog View from the Blue Ridge and we wanted to highlight the key takeaways from their deflationary wager. Thus, we continue our impromptu inflation versus deflation debate as we earlier cataloged how hedge fund manager Kyle Bass sees inflation & currency devaluation in store around the globe.

Believe it or not, Broyhill had previously been short treasuries and covered in March. They've since gone long and see the 10 year treasury as an effective hedge against deflation. They have been buying here and will continue to do so on any weakness. Investors wishing to jump on this seemingly contrarian bet can buy exchange traded fund IEF for 10 year treasuries, or TLT for 30 year treasuries if you wanted a longer duration. This investment of course is in stark contrast to the myriad of other hedge funds that have been shorting long-term treasuries. Hedge fund Broyhill's rationale for owning bonds is refreshingly presented with various research found via the financial blogosphere. You can of course keep up with Broyhill's latest thoughts on their blog, View from the Blue Ridge.

Before getting into the ten reasons, we'll first start with their chart of 10 year treasury yields that has been in a decisive downtrend for the better part of two decades. Various crisis events over the past twenty years have caused momentary spikes in treasury yields, only to later resume the trend of decreasing yields.

(click to enlarge)

And now, without further ado, here are Ten Reasons to Buy Bonds:

1. "Core inflation historically falls after the end of a recession. In the 11 recessions from 1950 through July 2009, the end of recession was followed by declining inflation, with CPI bottoming on average, about 29 months after the recession ended. Longer term inflation concerns are warranted, but there are more immediate threats in front of us."


2. "With core inflation declining and nominal economic growth rates weak in the aftermath of financial crisis, bond yields should trend lower in coming quarters. Investors looking to purchase long-term inflation hedges, should see more attractive entry points in the period ahead. Be patient."


3. "The average long term Treasury rate since 1870 is 4.3% and the average annual CPI is 2.1%. If inflation trends toward zero (before moving much higher later in the decade), then long term bond yields could naturally fall toward 2%."


4. "A near term deflationary environment bodes very well for long term bonds. Long term Treasury rates dropped from 3.6% in 1929 to 1.9% in 1941. Interest rates in Japan fell from 5.7% in 1989 to 1.1% in 2008 while the Nikkei dropped 77.2% over the entire period."


5. "The most common argument from Bond Bears is higher levels of debt must lead to higher yields. The reality is that the economic cycle still dominates intermediate swings in bond prices – a growing list of leading indicators are pointing to slowing economic growth ahead."


6. "The velocity of money is falling at the same time money growth has come to an abrupt stop. Monetary policy is effectively pushing on a string."


7. "Nearly 80% of money managers in Barron’s Big Money Poll say they are bearish on Treasuries. When everyone agrees that rates are headed higher, something else is bound to happen." As we here at Market Folly had posted up earlier, hedge funds had a record short position in 10 year treasuries, as illustrated below by Societe Generale:

(click to enlarge)

8. "Similarly, retail investors are once again, near their highest allocation to equities at the market’s highs. I believe some call this Predictably Irrational. The last time bullish sentiment was this high was back in December 2007 when the S&P 500 was trading at 1500!" Bespoke Investment Group had in the past put out a graphic showcasing extreme levels of bullish sentiment found below:

(click to enlarge)

Additionally, Pragmatic Capitalist charted out a survey of asset allocations that highlighted how everyone and their dog had moved out of cash and into stocks:

(click to enlarge)

9. "Greek default and contagion risks across the Eurozone periphery. Cascading disruptions throughout the European banking system. This risk will not go away anytime soon. News will get worse before it gets better. Think back to how subprime was “contained” or how the Bear Stearns rescue marked the “panic lows” for the markets. Greece is a pebble in the Euro Pond. The ripples it causes will ultimately be very messy."


10. "Read number nine again."


Specifically regarding the recent implications of Greek default, we want to highlight that just this morning we posted how Kyle Bass' hedge fund Hayman Advisors is very concerned about currency devaluation and inflation around the globe. There's an interesting dynamic here because while Broyhill thinks the events in Greece will cause investors to 'flock to safety' in bonds, Hayman Advisors believes these sovereign defaults will only lead to inflation. The difference between these two stances is that Broyhill's position is based on a near-term reactionary move by investors while Hayman's thesis is centered on a theoretical long-term consequence.

An intriguing and well thought out set of reasons for a wager on bonds from Chris Pavese at Broyhill. They've definitely made a contrarian wager here and until yields on the 10 year treasury break out of that multi-decade downtrend, you can't really argue with their position in the near-term. Only time will tell whether we ultimately have inflation or deflation. But that certainly hasn't stopped hedge funds and investors from placing bets in the mean time.

Overall though, we've seen the vast majority of hedgies anticipating inflation. Howard Marks of Oaktree Capital laid out ways to play inflation. East Coast Asset Management came to the same conclusion of an inflationary stance in their deflation-reflation continuum research. And again as we noted this morning, Kyle Bass is now anticipating currency devaluation around the globe.

However, we do make note of a few select firms that are notably bullish on bonds and reside in the deflationista camp, including Hugh Hendry of the Eclectica Fund. Indeed, this is what makes markets great: a never-ending difference of opinion. Perhaps a compromise of views would be deflation in the short-term followed by longer-term inflation. We'll have to wait and see. For a primer on how to position portfolios for either outcome, head to our previous post on investment scenarios for inflation versus deflation.

Kyle Bass Sees Inflation & Significant Currency Devaluation Around the Globe (Hedge Fund Hayman Advisors)

Today via ARHedge we present you an excerpt from Kyle Bass' latest letter to investors of his Hayman Advisors firm. If you're unfamiliar with Bass, he launched his hedge fund in 2006 with $33 million in initial capital. In August of 2006, he began shorting around $4 billion of subprime securities through various derivatives and eventually turned $100 million into over $700 million based on his prediction of the crisis. This isn't the only major prediction he's been correct on, either. Bass was even predicting sovereign defaults back in May of last year. Needless to say, he's been right on the money. His latest missive is entitled, 'The Pattern is Set - Betting the Bank of a Keynesian Free Lunch'

Via ARHedge, here is an excerpt from Hayman Advisors' investor letter from May 11th:

He writes, "The ECB's monetary policy action simply adds to the moral hazard that was originally created on the fiscal side of the problem. The pattern is now set. This is exactly how very smart people meeting together in order to 'solve' a debt crisis frequently (and now permanently, it appears) mistake a solvency crisis for a liquidity crisis. From now on, it seems everything will be deemed to be a liquidity crisis that will be met with more 'bail-outs' and debt financed spending. This will eventually break traction in a violent way and facilitate severe inflation or even hyperinflation. The one thing the EU taught us this weekend is that paper money will be worth less (maybe much less) in the future."

Bass' notion of hyperinflation is intriguing because we haven't seen too many managers talk about the prospects for that outcome as most are fixated merely on the inflation versus deflation debate. However, we do recall black swan extraordinaire Nassim Taleb himself recently touching on how, from a portfolio construction point of view, it makes sense to allocate some capital to inexpensive insurance against possible hyperinflation. The wager doesn't cost you much and if you 'win', it pays off big. If hyperinflation doesn't come to fruition, then you haven't lost much capital. An intriguing thought certainly and Bass would probably agree with him on that notion.

The Hayman Advisors founder then ends his letter with a decisive analogy writing,

"This weekend, the EU and the IMF effectively went all-in with a bad hand in the highest stakes game of financial poker ever played with the world. We believe the agreement released was nothing more than a Potemkin agreement in order to placate bond investors. In the end (and there will be a reckoning for many countries) nations, including the United States, need to dramatically cut spending and get their fiscal balances in order. Unfortunately, our elected officials are on the hamster wheel of electoral cycles and are not able to make tough decisions like this as they would likely not be re-elected without a "sea change" in public opinion towards government spending and deficits. We are therefore on the path to significant currency devaluation around the world that will likely result in significant inflation. We increased our holdings of gold on Monday morning as well as taking other steps to position ourselves for the most likely outcome over the next few years. Interestingly enough, based upon the market reaction in the last 36 hours, it seems the law of diminishing returns applies to bailouts as well."

You can read the rest of his brief letter over at ARHedge.

So, we now see that Bass has increased his gold holdings and joins countless other hedgies who see gold as a safe haven and a way to hedge against currency devaluation. Lloyd Khaner of Khaner Capital last week gave an in-depth presentation on gold at the Value Investing Congress. And as we all know, John Paulson launched his gold fund as a bet against the US dollar. Not to mention, other prominent hedge funds like David Einhorn's Greenlight Capital as well as John Burbank's Passport Capital are storing physical gold.

It's very clear that number of prominent investing minds are concerned about currency devaluation and inflation going forward. Today seems to be inflation versus deflation day here on the site as earlier we posted up hedge fund Broyhill's contrarian bet on long-term treasuries and their ten reasons to buy bonds. Obviously this differs drastically from the vast amount of other hedge funds who have been short treasuries, wagering on rising rates and possible inflation. Well, the debate wages on, but we certainly know where Kyle Bass stands now, don't we?

Hedge Funds: Very Short 10 Year Treasuries

Societe Generale is out with the latest edition of their hedge fund watch and in it we see that they've found hedge funds to have the "shortest position ever on bonds." That language is slightly misleading as they've only been tracking these exposure levels since 2005, but still. The fact that hedge funds have more than 270,000 short contracts on the 10 year treasury bond certainly speaks volumes. This comes a few weeks after SocGen initially published research that hedgies were net short 10yr Treasuries. It's very evident that hedge funds are concerned about inflation and the impending Federal Reserve rate hike (whenever it may eventually come). As we've covered numerous times in the past, many hedge funds have put on curve steepener trades in order to play this.

As you'll see from the chart below, hedgies certainly are short bonds:



In their research, SocGen also found that hedge funds still had large short positions in 30 year treasuries as well. They've been net short all year to the degree of around 100,000 contracts on average. So, they are certainly short the 10 year to a larger degree than the 30 year. Retail traders/investors who want to piggyback this play can short the exchange traded fund IEF for the 10 year and TLT for the 30 year. And as always, keep in mind that this should not be construed as a recommendation to buy/sell various securities.

Societe Generale's other main conclusion regarding hedge fund exposure levels was that hedgies are "strong net sellers of the yen (50,000 contracts net short)." Additionally, we see that hedge funds are buying US dollars in spades against all the other major currencies. This falls in line with what we've seen recently as hedge funds were aggressively short the yen. Interestingly enough, after re-shorting the euro recently, we now see that short positions on the euro have been reduced over the past few weeks. If you don't have access to forex markets, you can play the yen via exchange traded fund FXY. You can also play the US dollar via UUP and the euro via FXE.

Lastly, turning to equities, we see that their research comes to similar conclusions as the Bank of America research we typically cover. In that report, we saw that the smart money was selling equities. SocGen confirms this writing, "even though index price is rising, the percentage of non commercial positions on total open interest on the S&P 500 has decreased significantly." Their research shows that hedge funds are now net sellers of the S&P 500 while still slightly net long the Nasdaq.

Embedded below is Societe Generale's latest hedge fund watch document:



You can download a .pdf here.


So, the trend remains in tact. Hedge funds are pushing the limits on a steep yield curve as this is certainly a crowded trade. Hedgies are massively short the 10 year treasury but also have quite a trade against the 30 year treasury as well. While some agree that inflation is not a near-term problem and instead is a long-term concern, it's very apparent that hedge funds anticipate interest rates to rise in the future. For more on the latest hedge fund exposure levels, head to our post on how hedgies are selling equities.

PIMCO's Bill Gross: January Outlook

Earlier this morning, we had a guest post that highlighted Bill Gross' simple explanation as to why the market is up so much from the lows. Now, we're shifting our focus to Bill Gross' monthly outlook. In his January 2010 note entitled 'Let's Get Fisical", the PIMCO bond vigilante delves into fiscal affairs. Here are some of his thoughts:

"Explaining the current state of global fiscal affairs is often confusing – it’s much like Robert Palmer’s 1980s classic song where he laments that “She’s so fine, there’s no telling where the money went!” Where government spending has gone is not always clear, but one thing is certain: public debt is soaring and most of it has come from G7 countries intent on stimulating their respective economies. Over the past two years their sovereign debt has climbed by roughly 20% of respective GDPs, yet that is not the full story. Some of governments’ mystery money showed up in sovereign budgets funded by debt sold to investors, but more of it showed up on central bank balance sheets as a result of check writing that required no money at all. The latter was 2009’s global innovation known as “quantitative easing,” where central banks and fiscal agents bought Treasuries, Gilts, and Euroland corporate “covered” bonds approaching two trillion dollars. It was the least understood, most surreptitious government bailout of all, far exceeding the U.S. TARP in magnitude. In the process, as shown in Chart 1, the Fed and the Bank of England (BOE) alone expanded their balance sheets (bought and guaranteed bonds) up to depressionary 1930s levels of nearly 20% of GDP. Theoretically, this could go on for some time, but the check writing is ultimately inflationary and central bankers don’t like to get saddled with collateral such as 30-year mortgages that reduce their maneuverability and represent potential maturity mismatches if interest rates go up. So if something can’t keep going, it stops – to paraphrase Herbert Stein – and 2010 will likely witness an attempted exit by the Fed at the end of March, and perhaps even the BOE later in the year.

Here’s the problem that the U.S. Fed’s “exit” poses in simple English: Our fiscal 2009 deficit totaled nearly 12% of GDP and required over $1.5 trillion of new debt to finance it. The Chinese bought a little ($100 billion) of that, other sovereign wealth funds bought some more, but as shown in Chart 2, foreign investors as a group bought only 20% of the total – perhaps $300 billion or so. The balance over the past 12 months was substantially purchased by the Federal Reserve. Of course they purchased more 30-year Agency mortgages than Treasuries, but PIMCO and others sold them those mortgages and bought – you guessed it – Treasuries with the proceeds. The conclusion of this fairytale is that the government got to run up a 1.5 trillion dollar deficit, didn’t have to sell much of it to private investors, and lived happily ever – ever – well, not ever after, but certainly in 2009. Now, however, the Fed tells us that they’re “fed up,” or that they think the economy is strong enough for them to gracefully “exit,” or that they’re confident that private investors are capable of absorbing the balance. Not likely. Various studies by the IMF, the Fed itself, and one in particular by Thomas Laubach, a former Fed economist, suggest that increases in budget deficits ultimately have interest rate consequences and that those countries with the highest current and projected deficits as a percentage of GDP will suffer the highest increases – perhaps as much as 25 basis points per 1% increase in projected deficits five years forward. If that calculation is anywhere close to reality, investors can guesstimate the potential consequences by using impartial IMF projections for major G7 country deficits as shown in Chart 3.

Using 2007 as a starting point and 2014 as a near-term destination, the IMF numbers show that the U.S., Japan, and U.K. will experience “structural” deficit increases of 4-5% of GDP over that period of time, whereas Germany will move in the other direction. Germany, in fact, has just passed a constitutional amendment mandating budget balance by 2016. If these trends persist, the simple conclusion is that interest rates will rise on a relative basis in the U.S., U.K., and Japan compared to Germany over the next several years and that the increase could approximate 100 basis points or more. Some of those increases may already have started to show up – the last few months alone have witnessed 50 basis points of differential between German Bunds and U.S. Treasuries/U.K. Gilts, but there is likely more to come.

The fact is that investors, much like national citizens, need to be vigilant and there has been a decided lack of vigilance in recent years from both camps in the U.S. While we may not have much of a vote between political parties, in the investment world we do have a choice of airlines and some of those national planes may have elevated their bond and other asset markets on the wings of central bank check writing over the past 12 months. Downdrafts and discipline lie ahead for governments and investor portfolios alike. While my own Pollyannish advocacy of “check-free” elections may be quixotic, the shifting of private investment dollars to more fiscally responsible government bond markets may make for a very real outcome in 2010 and beyond. Additionally, if exit strategies proceed as planned, all U.S. and U.K. asset markets may suffer from the absence of the near $2 trillion of government checks written in 2009. It seems no coincidence that stocks, high yield bonds, and other risk assets have thrived since early March, just as this “juice” was being squeezed into financial markets. If so, then most “carry” trades in credit, duration, and currency space may be at risk in the first half of 2010 as the markets readjust to the absence of their “sugar daddy.” There’s no tellin’ where the money went? Not exactly, but it’s left a suspicious trail. Market returns may not be “so fine” in 2010.

William Gross
Managing Director"

You can download Bill Gross' January outlook via .pdf here. So, it seems the focus is now on exit strategies as the Fed *will* have to exit at some point and Gross has shifted to a more cautious approach. This stems from his earlier thoughts on why the market is up so much from the lows. The government has been feeding the markets, and eventually the hand that feeds will disappear.

As we posted on Twitter a while back, "PIMCO's Total Return fund essentially IS the bond market now, $186 billion AUM in Bill Gross' fund now; insane." So, at the very least, it's worth noting his thoughts and what he's up to. We pointed out a while back that Gross was betting on deflation by buying long-term treasuries. Also, we had posted Gross' December outlook as well for those who missed it. Interesting stuff and we'll continue to cover the bond vigilante's thoughts each month.

Why The Stock Market Is Up Over 70% From Its March 2009 Low

The following is a guest post from FirstAdopter.com, a site covering investing and consumer technology news:

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There’s a lot of conspiracy theories out there about how the government is manipulating the stock market upwards (I’m looking at you Zero Hedge) by buying stock futures, etc. However a light bulb went off in my head after I read this Time magazine interview with Pimco’s Bill Gross on how simple the explanation is.

But secondly, there’s a ripple affect. Just speaking about Pimco’s general portfolio strategy, we’ve sold our agency mortgage securities, Fannie and Freddie, in the billions to the willing check of the Fed. They’re buying a trillion dollars of them, or have over the past 9-12 months, and so we sold them a lot of ours. Now, what did we do with the money? We bought Treasuries, we bought corporate bonds, and so the bond markets in general have benefited, as have stocks because this available money effectively flows through the capital markets. So it’s a trillion-and-a-half dollar check that won’t be there as the Fed withdraws from the market. How that affects the markets, I just don’t know. I’m not eagerly anticipating the answer, but I think it holds some surprises in 2010, not just in mortgage securities but stocks as well.

So basically Bill Gross, the largest fund manager in the world, explains it to us. The Fed has been buying $1.5 trillion worth of securities from financial firms at unnatural supply/demand and some would say inflated prices, who then use this big pile of money they get from selling to the Fed to buy other stuff like corporate bonds and stocks. This is $1.5 trillion that did not exist before. It is printed money that is flowing through the financial capital markets lifting all boats. A simple explanation for the markets’ rise.

To prove this let’s look at the timing of Fed mortgage backed security buy program announcements. In 2008 the SP500 bottomed on November 21st, 2008. I remember things being very scary then. The Fed then announced their first $500 billion mortgage backed security (MBS) buy program on November 25th, 2008 (Link). The market then rallied 25%+ off the low and topped on January 6th, 2009.

The market then tanked again and bottomed on March 6th, 2009. I remember things being even scarier then. The Fed decided to add $750 billion to the MBS buy program to the original $500 billion and $300 billion of long-term Treasuries for a total over $1.5 trillion of buying power on March 18th, 2009 (Link). In time this $1.5 trillion of printed money worked its way through the system, hence the amazing 70%+ rally.

The lesson is the next time the Fed announces another $500 billion+ capital markets buy program buy the market hand-over-fist, although I doubt this will happen anytime soon given the political climate. And the $1.5 trillion of securities that the Fed bought? Here’s what Bill Gross says about that.

They won’t sell — it’s a near impossibility to unload what they’ve purchased over the past 12 months.

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The above was a guest post from FirstAdopter.com.

John Paulson's Gold Fund: Betting Against the US Dollar

By now you are undoubtedly aware that John Paulson's hedge fund firm Paulson & Co is set to launch a gold fund. We wanted to take a minute to investigate things on a deeper level and examine why he is doing so and why now. Simply put, Paulson & Co is betting on the devaluation of the US dollar. They see inflation in the cards for the future and are positioning themselves accordingly. The fund is set to launch in January and John Paulson will personally invest $250 million into the fund.

This is notable not for the wager on inflation, but for the vehicle they have selected to hedge their exposure. Many prominent hedge funds and market gurus have previously warned of inflation and have shorted long-term US treasuries. One of the original hedgies Michael Steinhardt himself has called treasuries foolish. Legendary investor and ex-Quantum fund manager Jim Rogers shares this sentiment and dislikes treasuries. Hedge fund legend Julian Robertson is betting on higher interest rates and is doing so via constant maturity swaps (CMS). We also note that John Paulson's former colleague Paolo Pellegrini has also taken an inflationary stance. Instead of playing gold, Pellegrini's hedge fund PSQR had previously been shorting treasuries and longing oil. We could go on and on but the main point is that there are some prominent and smart minds betting on inflation. While many of them share the same ideas on the topic of inflation, they've used a myriad of investment vehicles to execute their call. John Paulson has taken a slightly different approach to his inflationary bet and here's why.

The Introduction

Paulson's wager on gold is by no means new information. After all, Paulson's current hedge funds hold over $4.3 billion of gold related investments. And as we have pointed out in the past, this exposure is purely to hedge their US dollar exposure as one of their other hedge funds has a share class denominated in gold. Paulson's conviction in gold related investments has undoubtedly risen. After all, why else would he be launching a hedge fund dedicated to investing solely in gold related entities? The creation of Paulson's fund traces an eerily similar pattern to one of his prior hedge fund launches where he crafted an idea, launched a hedge fund based on that idea, and then made billions. (We're talking of course about his large bet against subprime). Paulson has made his next large bet and his new gold fund is the vehicle by which you can join him on the ride. His gold fund's objective "is to outperform gold price in a rising gold price environment." They will pursue this by investing in gold equities that are levered to the price of gold, as well as derivatives on the price of gold. Can Paulson be successful on two big bets back to back? We'll have to wait and see.

The Gold Thesis

According to recent presentations from Paulson & Co, their thesis for gold is threefold. Firstly, they believe that the printing presses of money that have been working overtime in America and other countries will cause depreciation in paper currency. Secondly, they believe that demand for gold will increase, particularly as a reserve currency. In fact, they think gold could become the primary reserve currency again as they have been looking at gold as currency, not a commodity. Thirdly, their belief is that demand for gold in general will be far greater than supply, causing prices to head higher. Overall, they see a very high probability of inflation in America's future and have selected gold related investments to hedge against this.

Ben Bernanke's Printing Presses

Looking further, Paulson & Co highlights that the monetary base has expanded to an absolutely exponential degree. According to the Federal Reserve, typical year over year changes in monetary base were under 20%. When the crisis occurred, that year over year change skyrocketed to 128%. Additionally, the correlation between the monetary base and money supply is very close, almost 1:1 as the monetary base finds its way to the money supply. In turn, unit money supply then is also highly correlated to the GDP price index, nearly a 1:1 correlation again. Paulson & Co's main argument here is that the monetary base has expanded dramatically, yet the money supply growth hasn't yet expanded. This is due to the fact that the velocity of money dropped furiously after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Once money supply expands, look out for inflation.

Bolstering their argument, Paulson has also cited inflationary outlooks issued by the likes of former St. Louis Fed President William Poole, Harvard Professor of Economics and President Emeritus Dr. Martin Feldstein, and many more. Obviously they are not alone in their fears here. While America has taken center stage for their Central Bank balance sheet expansion, other countries' balance sheets have become just as bloated. From late 2008 until Q2 2009, the US Federal Reserve has expanded their balance sheet by 119%, the Bank of England's has expanded by 127%, the Swiss National Bank's has increased by 80%, and the European Central Bank's balance sheet has seen a 39% increase.

In the end, the crux of this part of their argument for inflation centers around money supply. Historically, inflation has lagged money supply growth by 2 to 3 years. So the lesson is that when you have money supply growth, inflation is just around the corner. And, gold has historically held its value and/or appreciated in times of inflation.

Rising Demand

To those pointing toward gold as a crowded trade or bubble, Paulson & Co argue that there has been vast appetite for gold, particularly in the popular exchange traded fund GLD. While the holdings of this ETF were only recently around $57 billion, the total pool of US money market reserves was a massive $3,850 billion. They imply that this leaves a vast amount of room for savers to shift away from paltry money market rates and into gold. Not to mention, Paulson's hedge fund actually expects central banks to turn into net buyers of gold in 2010. We've already seen signs of this as India's appetite for gold has heartily increased lately. It seems that the central banks have concluded they should not sell assets that are appreciating (gold) in order to buy assets that are depreciating (US dollar).

Gold has been on a rampage the past few months, breaking above the $1,000 technical and psychological level and heading even higher. The question now becomes, what's next for gold? Check out this video on gold to see logical pullback areas, price targets for gold's move higher, as well as where to place your stops. One thing's for certain: investors have definitely had more of an appetite for the precious metal as of late.

The Strategy

Curiously enough, it appears that Paulson's gold fund will actually not buy any physical gold. Instead, they will play inflation via gold equities as well as derivatives on the price of gold. The derivatives portion of their book has not been put on yet but they will target it to be slightly over 15% of their portfolio by using long-dated options. So, the vast majority of their gold fund will be comprised of gold equities. Some of Paulson & Co's other hedge funds already have large exposure to specific gold miners such as Anglogold Ashanti. They've selected this strategy for greater potential upside as they think gold equities will actually benefit most should gold prices stay flat or continue to rise.

Risks

As with any trade, there are always risks. Paulson's hedge fund has identified volatility, timing, price, and confiscation as potential risks to this play. In regards to timing, there is seemingly always a lag in when exactly inflation hits. It is usually a domino effect as the monetary base expands, then the money supply expands, and then you see inflation. The risk from their perspective is that it could take three to five years before we see any true signs of inflation. In regards to potential deflation in the price of gold, they identify the risks of a decline in industrial demand (jewelry etc), sales by central banks, and an increase in supply. Lastly, they identify confiscation by central banks as a threat. However, this scenario would essentially require the presence of hyperinflation and at that point the price of gold would be sky high.

A Winning Trade For Paulson

Regardless of gold's potential price appreciation, Paulson has already won on this trade. Why, you ask? Well, nowadays John Paulson is an investment icon and everyone wants to invest with him. He is already in the trade in some of his other hedge funds and soon will be with his gold fund. Not to mention, numerous other prominent hedgies are singing the praises of gold as of late. As others begin to filter into the trade and warm up to its potential, Paulson's play benefits. As our friend on Twitter mojakus puts it, Paulson can "ride the wave of wider recognition of the trade's merits. (It) doesn't really need to work out for him to mint it."

Paulson & Co don't necessarily need the trade to be realized, but rather they just need others to recognize the risk. They don't need gold prices to go higher, they only need others to recognize the potential for prices to head higher. After all, Paulson will charge a 1.5% management fee and a 20% performance fee in his gold fund with a $10 million minimum investment. As we posted on our Twitter, a massive rush of investors into gold funds could signify a top, but Paulson & Co obviously won't turn down receiving a nice set of fees for investing your cash into gold equities and derivatives.

This all comes on the heels of Paulson's huge bet against subprime over the past few years. Wall Street Journal columnist Gregory Zuckerman has detailed Paulson's amazing play in The Greatest Trade Ever, his new book (see our review here). Can Paulson do it again with his wager against the US dollar? It certainly would be quite the feat to nail two major trades in such a short span of time.

Hedgies Like Gold

As we've covered previously, hedge fund colleague David Einhorn of Greenlight Capital is positioning himself to benefit from the printing presses of the US and other governments. Einhorn is bullish on gold as well and has actually shifted from using the exchange traded fund GLD for his position to storing physical gold. So while Einhorn prefers physical gold instead of gold miners ala Paulson, the bottom line is they both have identified quantitative easing as a major inflationary threat going forward. As such, they are positioning themselves to benefit by what they deem to be the most beneficial way.

The Debate Continues

The inflation versus deflation argument rolls on and is shaping up to be quite the investment battlefield. With his gold hedge fund launch, John Paulson has planted himself firmly in the inflation camp. In the other corner, PIMCO's bond vigilante Bill Gross is betting on deflation. While the outcome could still be a few years away, it's interesting to see the wagers and investment vehicles selected by various notable investors. Slowly but surely the prominent names in the industry are placing their bets. Which side are you on?

For more on John Paulson's hedge fund firm, check out The Greatest Trade Ever as well as Paulson's recent position updates.

What 100 Trillion Dollars Looks Like (Inflation? What Inflation?)

With all the talk of inflation down the line as the US Dollar slowly but surely implodes, we thought we'd take a bit of a humorous Friday approach to the topic. Below is a picture of what 100 Trillion Dollars looks like.

Well, 100 Trillion Zimbabwean Dollars, that is.

(click to enlarge)

Inflation? What inflation?

One would think that 100 trillion dollars would be quite the spectacle, but it's really not when you have a ten trillion dollar bill. This just goes to show that things can always be worse-off somewhere else, so keep that in mind. Who cares about inflation when you've got hyperinflation to worry about. And to those unaware of the situation, no this is not a joke. A loaf of bread in Zimbabwe costs $16 million Zimbabwean Dollars... at least it did back in 2008. Who knows what it costs a year later.

Why Gold Prices Will Rise

Just yesterday, we posted up a technical analysis video that looked at what trading range gold is currently trading in. With so many hedge funds in the gold trade, it's always a topic worth monitoring. Below is a guest author piece entitled, "With Inflation on the Horizon, Gold Prices are Ready to Rally."

By Jason Simpkins

Managing Editor

Money Morning

With the global economy on the mend, could gold be gearing up for another record-setting run? It sure looks that way. After peaking north of the $1,000 per ounce price level last year, gold hit a stumbling block when deflationary fears in the world's largest economy sucked the air out of commodities prices and sent hoards of investors stampeding into the safe-haven of U.S. Treasuries, and helped spawn a rebound in the U.S. dollar. Since that time, the global economic outlook - especially beyond U.S. borders - has improved, and gold prices have stabilized. The next step - many gold bulls say - is for the yellow metal to make a run for new highs.

Whipsaw Trading Patterns

Gold started 2009 at about $870 an ounce - down substantially from early 2008 when prices hit a record-high $1033.90, but significantly higher than the $712.30 an ounce it was trading at in mid-November. Then, when talk of inflation resurfaced in February, and later in April, prices surged well over $900 an ounce, again testing the $1,000 level. Gold prices hit $983 in early June - a 38% jump from their November low. Gold prices have since lost some of that momentum, dropping back down to $940 an ounce, but many analysts believe this is where gold will find support before eventually shooting back to $1,000 - and possibly even higher - by the end of the year. There are many reasons to believe that gold is poised for such a strong showing: Supply of newly mined gold is dwindling, fresh discoveries of deposits are on the wane, and demand has remained strong. But the biggest reason analysts believe gold will rebound to its 2008 apex is that the medium and long-term outlook for dollar is rapidly darkening.

Government Support for Gold

With the U.S. Federal Reserve pursuing a policy of quantitative easing and a federal budget deficit that's spiraling out of control, the dollar is extremely vulnerable. The Federal Reserve has lowered its benchmark Federal Funds rate to a range 0%-0.25% and has said it will remain there for "an extended period." The Fed has also injected more than $2 trillion into the financial system, expanding credit through increased loans to banks to provide liquidity. It's also created the Commercial Paper Funding Facility - which holds $109.2 billion in short-term IOUs issued by corporations - and the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF) - which has lent $25 billion to investors to buy securities tied to auto and other consumer and business loans. And the central bank itself has pledged to buy $1.75 trillion in mortgage-backed securities, Treasury notes, and federal housing agency bonds. "In the last year alone, the U.S. Federal Reserve has actually doubled the U.S. monetary base," said Money Morning Contributing Editor Peter Krauth. "That can only lead to serious inflation, perhapseven hyperinflation. This will cause the value of the U.S. dollar - which has been eroding since 2001 - to decline at an even-more-frenetic pace." In addition to the Fed's action, the United States' spiraling debt poses a significant threat to the dollar's value, as well. Federal debt will reach $12 trillion by this fall and exceed $13 trillion by September 2010, according to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). The CBO projects the U.S. budget shortfall will reach at least $1.85 trillion - equivalent to 13% of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP), a level not seen since World War II - in fiscal 2009. And if the economy doesn't rebound soon, that number will very likely top $2 trillion by the end of September. The CBO anticipates the deficit will shrink to about $1.4 trillion in fiscal 2010 and $1 trillion in fiscal 2011, if the economy continues to stagnate, there is a good chance that those budget shortfalls will be even greater than the fiscal 2009 deficit. Some of U.S. President Barack Obama's advisors have already acknowledged that the administration underestimated the rapid rise in unemployment and that a second stimulus may be in the cards. Laura Tyson, former chair of the U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisers during the Clinton administration and current advisor to President Obama, said July 6 that the $787 billion stimulus passed in February was "a bit too small" and that more may be required. But if another stimulus is needed, how exactly does Washington plan on financing it? While the government has continued to find buyers for its Treasuries, the question being asked by analysts is at what point will investors start to balk at continuing to finance the American expenditures. China - the largest holder of U.S. debt - is already losing its appetite for U.S. Treasuries. In fact, the world's fastest growing economy has already admitted to stocking up on gold to hedge against the dwindling value of its dollar holdings.

With the Dollar Diving, China Turns to Gold

China bought less than a sixth of the Treasuries issued by the U.S. government in the 12 months through March. That stands in stark contrast to the Treasury market of two years ago, when China's demand for U.S. securities actually exceeded the United States' own borrowing needs. Additionally, when China has purchased Treasuries, it has done so by swapping them with other U.S. assets, rather than exchanging foreign currencies or commodities. China has increased purchases of short-term Treasury notes - those that mature in a year or less - while at the same time unwinding its position in Treasuries with longer maturities. "They are worried about forever-rising deficits, which may devalue Treasuries by pushing interest rates higher," JPMorgan & Co. analyst Frank Gong told The Associated Press. "Inside China, there has been a lot of debate about whether they should continue to buy Treasuries." As Money Morning reported in June, Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner traveled to China to reassure the nation about the value of its holdings. But not everyone was convinced. "I worry about details," said Yu Yongding, a former central bank adviser who interviewed Geithner for the China Daily newspaper. "We will be watching you very carefully." Prior to Geithner's visit, Yu told Bloomberg News that he was hopeful for details on the U.S. plan to support the dollar. He also warned that despite its sizeable commitment to U.S. debt, China has other options. "I wish to tell the U.S. government: 'Don't be complacent and think there isn't any alternative for China to buy your bills and bonds,'" said Yu. "The euro is an alternative. And there are lots of raw materials we can still buy." One such raw material is gold. China recently announced recently that it has increased its holdings of gold by about 450 metric tons in the past six years. "Gold is shifting back from a sovereign reserve asset central banks were inclined to underplay to one of growing, strategic interest," said Trevor Keeley, global head of sovereign client services at the Anglo-Swiss bank UBS AG. "This shift is logical; gold remains the world's primary financial asset that is no one's liability." And China's not the only one loading up on the yellow metal. Whether it's through exchange traded funds (ETFs), or acquiring actual gold bullion, investor demand for gold continues to soar. Individuals' bullion purchases almost doubled last year to 862 metric tons, The Wall Street Journal reported. And while gold buying by investors has fallen from its 2008 peak, the volume still remains historically high. The 130 metric tons of gold purchased in the first quarter of 2009 is 50% higher than this decade's average quarterly volume. Of course, bullion isn't the most practical way to get in on gold's pending surge.

How to Stock Up on Gold

One way to stock up is to buy gold outright, either in bars, or though the gold-linked, exchange-traded fund (ETF) SPDR Gold Shares. Today, SPDR itself holds more than 1,000 ounces of gold, and has a market capitalization of $33 billion. The fund's price fluctuates in concert with the price of gold, which adds a small mount of risk. On the other hand, however, buying this ETF is more convenient than buying gold bars directly, because the fund dispenses with the accompanying storage problems that comes with actually owning physical gold. Buying stakes in gold miners is an excellent way to hedge against the enormous inflationary pressures filtering through the U.S. economy. In this case, the Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF GDX - composed chiefly of major gold miners - offers both company and geographic diversification, while including substantial leverage to the price of gold. Market Vectors is based on the AMEX Gold BUGS Index (HUI), which represents a portfolio of 15 major gold mining companies that do not hedge their gold production beyond a year and a half.

Commodity Inflation Versus Asset Deflation (Guest Post)

This is a Guest Post from Phil at Phil's Stock World

California lost more than Michael Jackson recently. They also lost their credit rating as Fitch dropped them to A-minus and even that rating was immediately placed on negative credit watch. California faces a $24 billion-plus budget deficit for the fiscal year that begins Wednesday, rapidly declining sales tax revenues and an impotent legislature that can’t agree on solutions. Faced with the prospect of running out of cash, State Controller John Chiang said Wednesday the state will begin to issue IOUs for all general fund payments other than those categories protected by the state constitution, federal law and court decisions.

California has always been a trend-setting state and we have to wonder how far behind them the rest of the country is. According the the Congressional Budget Office, the US’s projected debt is now growing so quickly that is will exceed the size of the economy in 2023, that is 7 years earlier than the projections of the last report just 18 months ago. The culprit is not the huge sum of stimulus spending that President Obama and Congress have injected into the economy this year, the budget office said. Instead, rising health care costs and an aging population together continue to push government spending upward at an unsustainable pace, only faster than the budget office last estimated.

“Debt soars because of unrelenting growth in federal spending on health care programs and a rise in Social Security spending” as a share of the economy, the report said. Up to 90 percent of the increase is due to Medicare and Medicaid spending rather than Social Security, it added. Senator Kent Conrad, a Democrat from North Dakota who is chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, released a statement saying that the budget office report “reinforces the importance of not only paying for health reform, but ensuring that it significantly bends the cost curve on health care beyond the next ten years. We simply must get these health costs under control.”

Gee, we can’t afford health care, we can’t afford rising energy costs but people are buying stocks as if both industries have nowhere to go but up, despite lower demand and rising unemployment. I guess we can keep borrowing and borrowing and borrowing and borrowing to pay the ever-increasing prices projected by commodity futures and biotech multiples but one would think there’s a theoretical limit…

There’s a major disconnect going on between the markets and reality - perhaps it is end of quarter window dressing by financials and funds so desperate for a good quarter they will do anything to maintain the market for another 7 days . Just this morning the Nikkei was up 84 points despite the Dollar falling back below 96 Yen. That wasn’t even the bad news for Japan though: Inside the country, consumer prices fell at a record pace in May adding to the risk that deflation will become entrenched and hamper a rebound from the nation’s worst postwar recession. Prices excluding fresh food slid 1.1 percent from a year earlier after dropping 0.1 percent in the preceding two months, the statistics bureau said today in Tokyo. It was the sharpest decrease since comparable figures were first compiled in 1971.

“Profits fall, then wages come down, then consumers stop shopping,” said Junko Nishioka, chief Japan economist at RBS Securities Japan Ltd. in Tokyo. “And because people aren’t shopping, companies lower prices. That’s the process that we’re starting to see. It isn’t easy to break out of.” Some 47 percent of 775 Japanese retailers surveyed by the Nikkei newspaper plan to lower prices in the year ending March 2010 to spur sales, up from 9 percent a year earlier. “With demand deteriorating, companies are finding it more difficult to sell goods and services and are turning to discounting,” said Azusa Kato, an economist at BNP Paribas in Tokyo.

I hope I didn’t give you the impression that THAT was Japan’s biggest problem though. Oh no, they’ve got much bigger fish to fry (or eat raw, as the case may be). While their CPI does the moon-walk, the London Times points out this morning:

Anaemic exports, a struggling domestic economy and a dramatic plunge in summer bonuses could cause Japan’s version of the sub-prime mortgage crisis to explode, a leading think-tank has warned. A housing loan default problem is looming and likely to begin in the next few weeks. It amounts to the detonation of a ten-year time bomb that, researchers at the Tokyo Foundation say, started ticking around 1999 in the immediate aftermath of the Asian financial meltdown. This is the result of flawed government policy, whereby the state housing loan agency offered mortgages to families that they knew were unable to pay.

The impending meltdown, which the Tokyo Foundation believes could affect some hundreds of thousands of households, will be focused initially on the country’s industrial heartlands, where corporate bankruptcy rates are rising. The residential zones around Toyota’s home territory of Nagoya could become ghost towns, Kazuo Ishikawa, the think-tank’s senior research fellow, said.

The alarming prediction comes amid clear signs of upheaval in the micro economies of Japanese households. With Toyota, Panasonic and other groups expected to finish the current financial year in the red, the system of company bonuses has been shaken. The Japan Business Federation calculates that June bonuses will suffer an almost 20 per cent cut across the board, and a dip from which there appears little immediate prospect of recovery. Because those twice-yearly bonuses amount, on average, to about a quarter of the annual salary package of mortgage-payers, the effect is likely to be severe. Mr Ishikawa said: “The next six months are going to see a sharp increase in housing refugees. People are first going to try to defer payments, but then they will default and be forced to abandon their homes and head somewhere cheaper.”

I keep telling people but the market does not listen to me: Commodity hyperinflation is causing DEFLATION in the price of everything else, especially when necessities like fuel are allowed to run out of control. This is sucking money out of the rest of the economy and causes a deflationary cycle that ends up snapping back and bursting the commodity bubble anyway. IT JUST HAPPENED LAST YEAR - WHY DOES NO ONE THINK IT WILL HAPPEN AGAIN?

There, I feel better now… This is really serious stuff though and it’s why I called a top for Members at 8,450 in yesterday’s live chat session. This is really just getting silly and we take our profits and run at this point, especially with the holiday weekend looming shortly where it all may hit the fan very hard. That is the World’s second largest economy and China’s second biggest customer and the World’s favorite low-interest lender (0.1%) sitting on what may be an economic implosion and WHERE IS THE FEAR? The VIX fell to 26.36 yesterday, back to pre Lehman levels as if nothing can possibly go wrong with the global economy. Well it’s a great time to by VIX leaps, that’s for sure!

Look, I do not like being negative. You do not like to hear negative things - this is human nature, we like to be happy. But this is seriously dangerous stuff people! If nothing happens then fine but please do not get all bullish as if nothing will. A major bank or a medium-sized country could default tomorrow and who knows who they owe money to who would also default and so on and so on. Very sadly, we’re going to have to do a weekend post on catastrophe protection because the VIX isn’t the only thing back to pre-Lehman levels. So is the level of economic idiocy….

Personal income was out today and "economists" (the ones we trust to tell us how the economy is doing) were off by 600% in their estimates. Personal income was up 1.4% due to massive inflows of stimulus but what’s disturbing here is how wildly far off the "experts" can be. This is their job, they are supposed to have a clue! While boosing incomes for a month by 1.4% may sound great, what we really have is an indication that you can’t stimulate a dead cat as Personal Spending was up just 0.3% and the PCE came in at our own deflationary 0.1%. US consumers look pretty much like the cow in the above cartoon and if they stop giving milk, the whole World economy begins to starve.

The media can do their sunshine and lollipops dance all day long and I guess that’s one of the reasons I start turning negative - just trying to balance out the nonsense. I am optimistic that, long-term, we can work our way out of this crisis but we need to do it through hard work, not make-believe games that everything got magically better with no pain at all and, until the market begins to embrace that reality, I will continue to watch the sky for signs of cracks, just in case….

- Phil

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Thanks to Phil for the excellent write-up. If you enjoyed the piece above, you can sign-up to receive Phil's free updates here (just select the free option). This is a topic we've examined before here at MarketFolly before when we noted that Dennis Gartman sees both inflation and deflation. It certainly will be interesting to monitor going forward.